how did jeroboam become king

Kings of Judah - Wikipedia Jeroboam was succeeded by his surviving son, Nadab, who was killed in a coup by the usurper Baasha of the tribe of Issachar, possibly because of the military reverses mentioned above. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Ahijah added that Jeroboams descendants would die and be eaten by dogs and birds. He also maintained a residence in Tirzah, which would later become the northern capital. But Jeroboam wasn't. He was afraid that if the Israelites continued to go to Jerusalem to worship at the temple . "The sins of Jeroboam ben-Nebat, which he sinned, and which he made Israel sin, by his provocation wherewith he provoked the Lord God of Israel to anger". Biblical archaeologist William F. Albright has dated Jeroboam's . Answer. The city apparently escaped destruction by the Assyrians at the time of the fall of Samaria (721, Jeroboam I (10th century bce), the first king of the north, now called Israel (the kingdom in the south was called Judah), appreciated the inextricable link of Jerusalem and its sanctuary with the Davidic claim to divine election to kingship over all of Israel (the. Rehoboam went back to the people and told them that not only would he not lighten. Others suggest he wouldve had to appoint his own priests because the Levite priests wouldve remained loyal to Rehoboam, who ruled over Jerusalem, which housed the templethe central hub of the priesthood. But Jeroboam is the only person who the Bible says did more evil than every person who lived before him (1 Kings 14:9). As such, he was the founder of the northern Kingdom of Israel, which lasted until the Assyrian invasions and the exile of the Israelites in 722 B.C.E. Yet, God has gra Being from the tribe of Ephraim, Jeroboam naturally sought to rule his kingdom from there. "[9], Jeroboam and the people rebelled, with the ten northern tribes breaking away and forming a separate kingdom. So these places already had deep religious significance to the Israelites. (8th century bce), son of Joash, was the last of the great kings of Israel, after whose death the country fell into confusion and ultimate servitude. (10th century bce), son of Nebat, was a corve overseer under Solomon, who incurred the suspicion of the king as an instrument of the popular democratic and prophetic parties. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. There are clearly questions about what we truly know about King Jeroboam. This life-giving Spirit is the very God who became a man, lived on earth in humanity for thirty-three and a half years, died on the cross, and entered into resurrection . The king, by making these royal sanctuaries, gave these old places new significance. The narrative introduces Jeroboam after describing how two men (Haddad and Rezon) actively fought against Solomon, but then it explains how Jeroboam became one of Solomons officials and describes a prophecy which likely incited his rebellion. God's grace is the only reason why His kingdom continues at all. The prophet rented his coat in 12 pieces, giving ten to Jeroboam. The Scientific and Scriptural Impact of Amos' Earthquake. And he immediately fought God's enemies by besieging Jezreel. Rehoboam was stricken with a running sore as a punishment for the curse which David had invoked upon Joab (II Sam. Jeroboam (also known as Jeroboam son of Nebat, or Jeroboam I) was the first king of the Northern Kingdom of Israel.Jeroboam's life is biblically documented in the First Book of Kings and briefly in Second Chronicles.Originally, Jeroboam managed the entire labor force of the Tribe of Joseph for King Solomon, before being promised by God to become King over ten of Israel's tribes. Jeroboam fortified Shechem as the capital of his kingdom and also rebuilt the town of Peniel, the ancient site of Jacob's famous wrestling match with the angel of Yahweh (Genesis 32:30). https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Jeroboam_I&oldid=1115370, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. His sons with Mahalath were Jeush, Shemariah, and Zaham. He comprehends the temptations and obstacles we face. Jesus knows what it's like to suffer, be rejected, and lose a loved one. Reprinted with permission from Whos Who in the Hebrew Bible (The Jewish Publication Society). They did according to all the abominations of the nations which the Lord drove out before the people of Israel. People Philosophy and Religion Biblical Proper Names: Biographies Jeroboam I Jeroboam views 2,083,294 updated May 18 2018 JEROBOAM JEROBOAM (Heb. Jeroboam, in the Bible, either of two kings of northern Israel. Jeroboams basic policy was to separate Israel completely from Judah. These denunciations were preserved to his detriment in the Bible, while any other records of him were lost. 2 Kings 13:1 - 2 Kings 14:23-29. They are depicted in the first of the Books of Kings. So after seeking advice, he brought back a familiar form of worship: the good ol golden calf. Jan 19, 2021 Claim to fame: Rehoboam succeeded his wise and world-famous father, King Solomon. - New American Standard Version (1995) And Nadab the son of Jeroboam began to reign over Israel in the second year of Asa king of Judah; and he reigned over Israel two years. The Samaria ostraca record the commerce in oil and wine. Yet Jeroboam the son of Nebat, the servant of Solomon the son of David, is risen up, and hath rebelled against his lord . The epicenter of this earthquake may have been 200300km north of present-day Israel. The Septuagint contains some additional details (such as the claim that his mother was a prostitute), but scholars question or outright dismiss the reliability of these additions. Jeroboam is portrayed by Nickolas Grace in Solomon & Sheba (1995) and by Richard Dillane in Solomon (1997). He is first mentioned in 1 Kings 11:26: "Jeroboam the son of Nebat, an Ephraimite of Zeredah, a servant of Solomon, whose mother's name was Zeruah, a widow, also . 29) when he prayed that Joab's house might forever be afflicted with leprosy and running sores (Sanh. [23], Rehoboam was the son of an Ammonite woman; and when David praised God because it was permissible to marry Ammonites and Moabites, he held the child upon his knees, giving thanks for himself as well as for Rehoboam, since this permission was of advantage to them both (Yeb. [5], Influenced by the words of the prophet Ahijah,[6] he began to form conspiracies with the view of becoming king of the ten northern tribes; but these were discovered, and he fled to Egypt, where he remained under the protection of Pharaoh Shishak until the death of Solomon. His work gave him the opportunity to realize that the tribes in the north, jealous of Judahs dominant position, were restless and unhappy with the Jerusalem royal court because of Solomons heavy taxes and the compulsory labor burdens, which were imposed to carry out the kings ambitious building projects. Jeroboam, who had returned to Israel as soon as he heard that Solomon had died, complained to Rehoboam, in front of the assembled people, about the forced labor and high taxes imposed by his late father, and asked him to lighten the burden of the people. Both of these are television films. His mother,[a] named Zeruah ( "leprous") was a widow. "The Population of Palestine in Iron Age II". The prophet did so, and the king was again able to move his arm. [21] The Biblical sources mention that Abijah addressed the armies of Israel, urging them to submit and to let the Kingdom of Israel be whole again,[22] but his plea fell on deaf ears. The Beginners Guide to the Bible explores how each of the Bibles 66 books fit into the big picture, and youll walk away with enough knowledge to have a thoughtful conversation about this important book with a pastor, an atheist, or anyone else. [10] Oppression and exploitation of the poor by the mighty, luxury in palaces of unheard-of splendor, and a craving for amusement were some of the internal fruits of these external triumphs.[6]. Jeroboam I, born in the town of Zereda of the tribe of Ephraim, was the first king of Israel, the northern kingdom, after the division of the kingdom. He seized the treasures of the Lord's temple and the royal palace",[17] whereas the Bubastite Portal lists do not include Jerusalem or any city from central Judea among the surviving names in the list of Shoshenq's conquests.[18]. 2 Chronicles 13 details a major battle between Jeroboam's army and Abijah's. Abijah then rallied his own troops with a phrase which has since become famous: "God is with us as our leader". Why did God choose Jehu to be king of Israel? - BibleAsk If he obeyed God, he would have a dynasty as enduring as Davids. Rehoboam, fearing that he would also be killed, mounted his chariot and fled to Jerusalem. Ahijah the prophet of Shiloh met him on the way, wearing a new cloak. One of the few background details the Bible gives us about Jeroboam is that he was an Ephraimite. The city apparently escaped destruction by the Assyrians at the time of the fall of Samaria (721 Read More Israel The second Jeroboam is recognized as one of Israel's most effective kings, although his reign was characterized by affluence and corruption that was denounced by the prophets. Jehoram was wounded and returned to Jezreel to recover. Broshi, M, and Finkelstein, I, (1992). William F. Albright has dated his reign from 922 to 901 BC, while Edwin R. Thiele offers the dates 931 to 910 BC. The new breakaway kingdom continued to be called Kingdom of Israel, and was also known as Samaria, or Ephraim or the northern kingdom. According to Rabbanic Literature Gehazi possessed a magnet by which he lifted up the idol made by Jeroboam, so that it was seen between heaven and earth; he had "Yhwh" engraved on it, and in consequence the idol (a calf) pronounced the first two words of the Decalogue (ib.). Thus before the death of Solomon, the apparently unified kingdom of David began to disintegrate. [10], According to 1 Kings,[11] while Jeroboam was engaged in offering incense at Bethel, a "man of God" warned him that "a son named Josiah will be born to the house of David", who would destroy the altar (referring to King Josiah of Judah who would rule approximately three hundred years later). Some assert that he himself undertook a pilgrimage."[18]. When the king sent his wife to Shiloh to inquire about the prognosis for their ailing son, Ahijah denounced his former protege, declaring: I raised you up from among the people and made you a leader over my people Israel. This left the descendants of Solomon with the southern kingdom of Judah. [14], This "man of God" who warned Jeroboam has been equated with a seer named Iddo.[15]. [22] Naamah An Ammonitess; one of Solomon's wives and mother of Rehoboam (I Kings xiv. 119a). Corrections? Judah did what was evil in the sight of the Lord, and they provoked him to jealousy with their sins which they committed, more than all that their fathers had done. 48b). The prophet said that God was giving Jeroboam ten tribes and leaving only two to the descendants of King David. 24) Naamah is said to have been the daughter of Hanun (), son of Nahash, a king of Ammon (II Sam. Jehu - Wikipedia "an enlarged people") was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the first monarch of the Kingdom of Judah after the split of the united Kingdom of Israel. After King Solomon's death his son, Rehoboam, became king. Alternatively, the prophecy could have been a logical deduction. 1 Kings and 2 Chronicles both report that Rehoboam raised a powerful army to suppress Jeroboam's rebellion. In the same prophecy where Ahijah predicts the fall of Jeroboams house, he connects Jeroboams sin to the Assyrian exile which would come centuries later: The Lord will raise up for himself a king over Israel who will cut off the family of Jeroboam. Who Is Rehoboam in the Bible? - Bible Study - Crosswalk 1 Kings 12:31 and 2 Chronicles 11:1317 tell us that as part of his plan to reduce dependence on Jerusalem, Jeroboam appointed his own priests, who werent Levites. From the standpoint of the scribes who wrote and preserved the books of Kings and Chronicles, Jeroboam abandoned the Torah and set in motion the eventual fall of the Northern Kingdom to the Assyrians. Ignoring his advisors and heeding the advice of his peers, Rehoboam doubled down, declaring: My father made your yoke heavy; I will make it even heavier. The northerners, discontented and rebellious, declared that they were seceding and stoned to death Adoram, the official in charge of the forced labor. I will cut off from Jeroboam every last male in Israelslave or free. Because of this, I am going to bring disaster on the house of Jeroboam. Who was King Jeroboam in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org It goes on to state that Abijah "took from him the towns of Bethel, Jeshanah and Ephron, with their surrounding villages. His wives included Mahalath, the daughter of Jerimoth the son of David, and Abihail, the daughter of Eliab the son of Jesse. The reign of Jeroboam II saw the greatest success and outward prosperity that Israel had known since the days of Solomon, though the social conditions depicted by Amos meant a national corruption that could end only in disaster. History, it is said, is written by the victors, and in this case Jerusalem won the day. Because of this "sin of Jeroboam son of Nebat," Jeroboam's name came to be mentioned more than any other northern king in the Bible, rivaled only by the wicked King Ahab. Pronounced: moe-SHEH, Origin: Hebrew, Moses, whom God chooses to lead the Jews out of Egypt. Thus he became distinguished as the man "who made Israel to sin." Golden calf | Old Testament | Britannica Historically, Jeroboam I was thus the successful founder of the northern Kingdom of Israel, a nation which lasted for two centuries in a hostile environment until it was finally destroyed by the mighty Assyrian Empire in 722 B.C.E. Bible Fun For Kids: 2. King Jeroboam Jeroboam reigned for 22 years. When Jeroboam was young, his father, Nebat, died, and he was raised by his widowed mother, Zeruah. For a brief description, see Finkelstein, Israel, and Silberman, Neil, Steven A. Austin, Gordon W. Franz, and Eric G. Frost, "Amos's Earthquake: An Extraordinary Middle East Seismic Event of 750 B.C. According to the biblical record, in the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign, Shishak and his African allies invaded Judah in a campaign so effective that even Jerusalem, the fortress capital, was taken (2 Chronicles 11:5-12). Jeroboam was the new king of the ten northern tribes that had split from the two southern tribes. Abijah, was a son of Jeroboam, the first king of Israel. The prophecy is fulfilled in 2 Kings. He reigned for 22 years, from 930-909 BC. His name occurs in the Old Testament only in 2 Kings;[20] 1 Chronicles;[21] Book of Hosea;[22] and Book of Amos. If you do whatever I command you and walk in obedience to me and do what is right in my eyes by obeying my decrees and commands, as David my servant did, I will be with you. The prophet did so, and the king was again able to move his arm. My father scourged you with whips; I will scourge you with scorpions. 1 Kings 12:14. Kings of Judah were constantly compared to David, the gold standard of loyalty to God (1 Kings 11:6; 15:3; 2 Kings 14:3; 16:2; 18:3; 22:2). The biblical record is ambiguous as to whether he survived Rehoboam's son Abijah. The record in 2 Kings 14:2325 states that his kingdom extended from the borders of Hamath (now amh, Syria) on the Orontes River to the Dead Sea, and it seems clear that he recovered territory in Transjordania which had long been in the hands of Damascus. He was one of Solomons administrators, but through the prophet Ahijah, God compelled him to rebel, promising to give him a dynasty as lasting as Davidsso long as he obeyed God. [3] Jeroboam erected a golden (or bronze) bull-calf icon at each of these locations. His reign is described in 1 Kings 12 and 1 Kings 14:2131[7] and in 2 Chronicles[8] in the Hebrew Bible. [3], He was victorious over the Arameans,[4] conquered Damascus,[5] and extended Israel to its former limits, from "the entering of Hamath to the sea of the plain". The Bible records his rise to power in 1 Kings 11:26-14:20. The biblical account states that his elite warriors fended off a pincer movement to rout Jeroboam's troops, killing 500,000 of them. The prophetic party, which at first saw Jeroboam as a candidate to correct Solomon's support of high places devoted to foreign gods, found Jeroboam not so pliant a tool as expected. On that day, he would go to Beth-el and sacrifice on the altar to the golden calf. But theres also some controversy about how hes portrayed in the Bible. He later became the first king of the divided northern kingdom of Israel. Jeroboam was among them, and after Solomon saw how well the young man did his work, he put him in charge of the whole labor force of the tribes of Joseph (1 Kings 11:28). History: Kingdoms of Judah and Israel | Encyclopedia.com [15] Shishak's armies captured all of the fortified towns leading to Jerusalem between Gezer and Gibeon. (10th century bce), son of Nebat, was a corve overseer under Solomon, who incurred the suspicion of the king as an instrument of the popular democratic and prophetic parties. However, the new king sought the advice from the young men he had grown up with, who advised the king to show no weakness to the people, and to tax them even more, which Rehoboam did. 15:45b). His arrogance brought about his doom (Sanh. The reaction of the people should not have come as a surprise to Rehoboam. But some Bible scholars argue Jeroboams contemporaries likely would have seen his indiscretions as a return to tradition. 38b). The inevitable war between Jeroboam and Rehoboam seems to have gone at first in favour of the south, but the power of Judah was permanently checked by an Egyptian invasion under Sheshonk, who captured a number of cities in Palestine (not including Jerusalem) and exacted an enormous tribute from Rehoboam. Even now this is beginning to happen. The number of settlements devoted to olive production, identified by olive persses and other installations, increased dramatically in the 8th century BC. [19] While the southern kingdom made no serious effort militarily to regain power over the north, there was a long-lasting boundary dispute, fighting over which lasted during the reigns of several kings on both sides before being finally settled. Establishing his capital at Shechem, he set aside two pilgrimage sites (Dan in the north and Bethel in the south) as shrine centres. In Bethel After the division of Israel, Jeroboam I (10th century bc) made Bethel the chief sanctuary of the northern kingdom (Israel), and the city was later the centre for the prophetic ministry of Amos. Although Jeroboam's lineage was thus wiped out, he remained a respected figure in the northern kingdom, so much so that two centuries later another Israelite king was named for him, Jeroboam II. The Fall of Jeroboam I and Rehoboam - Ligonier Ministries Jeroboam I was the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel, which included ten(ish) of. Stephen De Young Though he is far from a household name, Jeroboam, son of Nebat is one of the most important figures in Biblical history. In an effort to provide an alternative place of pilgrimage for Israelites who formerly offered their tithes and sacrifices in Jerusalem, Jeroboam made the fateful decision to establish national shrines at Bethel and Dan, an act which lost him the support of his earlier promoter Ahijah and earned him the lasting enmity of the religious establishment at Jerusalem. Multiple biblical references exist to this earthquake in the Book of Amos,[17] and also in Zechariah 14:5.[18]. All the treasures which Israel had brought from Egypt were kept until the Egyptian king Shishak (I Kings xiv. In that city Joram, son of Ahab, went to heal from his injury that he got in a war with the Arameans (2 Kings 9:1-16). Therefore the Lord said to Solomon, "Because you have done this, and have not kept My covenant and My statutes, which I have commanded you, I will surely tear the kingdom away from you and give it to your servant. However a prophet named Shemaiah proclaimed God's words as: "Do not go up to fight against your brothers, the Israelites." [21], It was difficult to maintain the Messianic claims of the house of David due to that Rehoboam, the son of King Solomon, was born of an Ammonite woman (I Kings, xiv. Wait There Were How Many Herods?! Updates? His people are sinful and can make no claim on the Lord to sustain His church. Rehoboam reigned for 17 years. [16] Judah became a vassal state of Egypt. Jeroboam became king of Israel in Samaria. [5] Although criticised for his cultic activities in 1 Kings,[9] calf worship was not new in Israelite ritual, but a reintroduction of earlier ritual. 101b). It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Its unclear if this prophetic encounter triggered Jeroboams rebellion or if Solomon simply caught wind of it, but immediately after this prophecy, Solomon attempted to kill Jeroboam, and Jeroboam fled to Egypt (1 Kings 11:40). But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. [6], Conventional biblical chronology dates the start of Rehoboam's reign to the mid-10th century BC. In the eighteenth year of Jeroboam's reign, Abijah (also known as Abijam), Rehoboam's son, became king of Judah. I will cut off from Jeroboam every last male in Israelslave or free. Kings, 196). their burden but he would increase it! Israels identity and faith was tied to a city which was no longer part of their nation. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. He was a son of and the successor to Solomon and a grandson of David. 3) has the rebels exclaim: "We leave to Rehoboam the Temple his father built. The prophet himself was reportedly devoured by a lion while returning home, a troubling fact explained on the basis of his forgetting a divine admonition not to accept hospitality from anyone in the north, not even one of his fellow prophets. God is with us in our troubles. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Kings of Judah The genealogy of the kings of Judah, along with the kings of Israel. main reference In Jeroboam: Jeroboam II (8th century bce ), son of Joash, was the last of the great kings of Israel, after whose death the country fell into confusion and ultimate servitude. As Jeroboam left Jerusalem to return home, he met the prophet Ahijah. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia the good that Abijah did for which he would be laid in the grave:"Rabbinical Literature:The passage, I Kings, xiv. But while the account in 1 Kings saw tenth century events through a much later perspective, theres still a lot we can learn from it: Even though this account of Jeroboams career has been shaped to conform to the later perspectives of its author, most scholars believe that critical investigation of this complexevidently drawn from archival texts, historical reports, prophetic oracles, and legends, etc.can yield reliable information about the 10th-century situation. The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary. Ahijah tore his own cloak into 12 pieces to represent the 12 tribes of Israel, and told Jeroboam to take 10 of the pieces, signifying that he would rule over 10 of the tribes. These ostraca, while unremarkable in themselves, contain valuable information about the script, language, religion and administrative system of the period. Chapter 14 [7], Archaeological evidence confirms the biblical account of his reign as the most prosperous that the northern kingdom of Israel had yet known. 'Because of this, I am going to bring disaster on the house of Jeroboam. He fortified the city of Tirzah in Shechem and lived there, then built up the city of Peniel, which was in the territory belonging to the tribe of Manasseh. His reign was supposed to humble Davids descendents (1 Kings 11:39) by splintering their kingdom, while still letting Davids line keep the city of Jerusalem, where Gods temple stood (2 Samuel 7). In the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign, Shishak, king of Egypt, brought a huge army and took many cities. To the author, Jeroboam wasnt just yet another king who ignored Gods commandments. Aided, perhaps, by Assyrian pressure from the east, he brought to an end the long struggle between Read More biblical literature However, the account is not entirely biased in favor of the Kingdom of Judah. If he obeyed God, he would have a dynasty as enduring as Davids (1 Kings 11:38). Who Was Jeroboam? The Beginner's Guide - OverviewBible Distraught, the king asked the prophet to pray to God to heal his arm. And the Lord struck him down and he died.". It summarizes Jeroboam's story by stating: Jeroboam did not change his evil ways, but once more appointed priests for the high places from all sorts of people. A major earthquake had occurred in Israel c. 760 BC, which may have been during the time of Jeroboam II, towards the end of his rule. When they laid siege to Jerusalem, Rehoboam gave Shishak all of the treasures out of the temple as a tribute. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Who Was Rehoboam in the Bible? - Christianity Scholars debate whether this meant Jeroboam established two capitals (one on each side of the Jordan River), but Shechem was his primary base of operations. The writers of the Books of Kings considered these shrines a central issue in their view of the northern kings, often basing their assessment of these rulers on whether or not they continued to commit the "sin of Jeroboam son of Nebat" by supporting these allegedly idolatrous public sanctuaries. The prophet refused and left Beth-el. His arm became paralyzed, and he could not move it. Rehoboam was 41 years old (16 in Chapter 12 of Kings III in the Septuagint) when he ascended the throne.[2]. I will burn up the house of Jeroboam as one burns dung, until it is all gone. Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel began to reign in the fifteenth year of Amaziah king of Judah and reigned for forty-one years in Samaria (v. 23). The account of Jeroboam's reign as contained in the Book of Kings reflects the religiously and politically pro-Jerusalem views of later times. Like the other kings of Israel, he was evil and worshipped the golden calves. [10][20] When he died he was buried beside his ancestors in Jerusalem. 21, 31; II Chron. [20] During his short reign of three years, Abijah went to considerable lengths to bring the Kingdom of Israel back under his control. His reign was a pivotal moment that set Israels trajectory for centuries to come. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Bethel and Dan were already established cultic sites. Although the Temple of Jerusalem itself had bronze bulls in its courtyard and golden cherubim both inside and out, these "golden calves" became infamous in southern literature denigrating Jeroboam as an idolater. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Returning at the time of the coronation of Solomon's son Rehoboam, Jeroboam was nominated king by the northern tribes and succeeded in establishing an independent nation that lasted 200 years despite hostile actions by its neighbors on several sides. [13] The prophecy is fulfilled in 2 Kings. The ten northern tribes assembled at Shechem to proclaim Rehoboam King of Israel. There Rehoboam rebuffed the requests of northern delegates to lighten their forced labor requirements. Although Jeroboam's actions immediately thereafter are not described, he soon came to be seen by Solomon as a threat, and the king now sought to kill the potential rebel. Sometime later, Abijah, the young son of Jeroboam, became very ill. Deut. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. When Solomon died, his son Rehoboam became king, and Jeroboam went with representatives of the northern tribes to ask Rehoboam to lighten the load of their labor, claiming Solomon had placed a heavy yoke on them.
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