child labor laws in thailand

Human rights advocates expressed concern regarding lengthy delays in reviewing individual discrimination complaints and a lack of awareness among the public and within the ministrys provincial offices. From January to June, the government granted citizenship to 2,740 stateless persons and permanent residency to 260 others. Refugees and asylum seekers were not eligible to participate in the official nationality-verification process, which allows migrant workers from Burma, Cambodia, and Laos with verified nationality and passports to travel throughout the country. The law does not permit transgender persons to change their gender on identification documents, which, coupled with societal discrimination, limited their employment opportunities. In March the NACC announced the completion of 52 cases, with 46 cases under investigation involving the theft of 26.7 million baht ($800,000). Labor Law Enforcement Efforts Related to Child Labor In response to multiple COVID-19 outbreaks in IDCs, during the year the Immigration Bureau informally relaxed restrictions on bail, allowing dozens of migrant and refugee detainees from the IDCs in Bangkok to pay bail and temporarily leave detention. The government continued to conduct preliminary screenings of Rohingya migrants apprehended transiting Thailand for victim-of-trafficking status, although this policy was applied unevenly. There were reports of workers dismissed for engaging in union activities, both before and after registration. Women generally enjoyed the same legal status and rights as men but sometimes experienced discrimination, particularly in employment. The National Council-backed Phalang Pracharath Party and 18 supporting parties won a majority in the lower house, and they retained as prime minister National Council leader Prayut Chan-o-Cha, the leader of the 2014 coup and a retired army general. In February authorities arrested 22 ethnic-Karen villagers in Kaeng Krachan National Park in Phetchaburi Province after the villagers defied orders to vacate the land. Some children were forced to work in prostitution, pornography, begging, and the production and trafficking of drugs. 2023 Trafficking in Persons Report - United States Department of State The participation of children in traditional Thai kickboxing Muay Thai continued to be an area of concern. The provincial police chief ordered an investigation; all seven officers allegedly involved in the incident were in custody as of August (see section 4). Civil society reported the government used prosecution or the threat of prosecution as a tool to suppress speech online. The Social Security Office reported most serious workplace accidents occurred in manufacturing, wholesale retail trade, construction, and transportation. Routine training occurred at various levels, including for officers, noncommissioned officers, enlisted personnel, and recruits. Unlike under martial law, detentions under normal criminal law require judicial consent, although courts did not always exercise their right of review. Freedom of Expression for Members of the Press and Other Media, Including Online Media: Independent media were active but faced significant impediments to operating freely. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. The government continued to protect from deportation the majority of Rohingya refugees detained by authorities, including those who arrived in the country irregularly during the mass movement in the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea in 2015. The Labor Protection in Fishing Work law for workers in the fisheries required workers to have access to health-care and social security benefits and for certain vessels to provide adequate living conditions for workers. After formal charges and throughout the trial, depending on prosecution and defense readiness, court caseload, and the nature of the evidence, detention may last from three months to two years before a verdict, and up to six years before a Supreme Court appellate review. Women are barred from applying to the police academy. The law provides tax benefits to employers employing a certain number of persons with disabilities, such as special income-tax deductions to promote employment of such persons. The legal requirement to call a general meeting of trade-union members and obtain strike approval from at least 50 percent of union members constrained strike action because many factories use shift workers, making it difficult to attain a quorum. Authorities monitored media content from all media sources, including international press. Labor law does not specifically prohibit discrimination in the workplace based on race, religion, national origin, color, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation, or HIV status. . Frequent attacks by suspected insurgents and government security operations stoked tension between the local ethnic Malay-Muslim and ethnic Thai-Buddhist communities. Observers noted several limiting factors in effective enforcement of child-labor law, including insufficient labor inspectors, insufficient interpreters during labor inspections, ineffective inspection procedures (especially in hard-to-reach workplaces like private residences, small family-based business units, farms, and fishing boats), and a lack of official identity documents among young migrant workers from neighboring countries. The case remained pending with the public prosecutor as of September. Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape of men and women is illegal, although the government did not always enforce the law effectively. Penalties were commensurate with or greater than those for similar crimes such as negligence. The commission was chaired by former ambassador Pornprapai Kanjanarindr. On August 4, the vice president of student affairs sent a letter threatening disciplinary action against Chulalongkorn University student union president Netiwit Chotiphatphaisal after he invited activists Panusaya Rung Sithijirawattanakul and Parit Penguin Chiwarak, who were accused of lese majeste, to speak about freedom of expression on July 20. Employees engaged in dangerous work, such as the chemical, mining, or other industries involving heavy machinery, can work a maximum of 42 hours per week and cannot work overtime. The law establishes measures designed to facilitate both the reporting of domestic violence complaints and reconciliation between the victim and the perpetrator. While NGOs acknowledged a decline in the most severe forms of labor exploitation in the fishing sector, reports of exploitation and indicators of forced labor persisted, and the number of crewmembers who went missing at sea continued to increase. During the year, however, there were reports of violence and discrimination against members of ethnic minority groups. Ministry of Defense policy limits the percentage of female officers to not more than 25 percent in most units, with specialized hospital or medical, budgetary, and finance units permitted 35 percent. Inspectors have the authority to make unannounced inspections and issue orders to employers to comply with the law. Penalties were commensurate with those for other analogous serious crimes, such as kidnapping. Administration: Authorities permitted prisoners or their representatives to submit complaints to ombudspersons but not directly to judicial authorities. In May following a two-month hunger strike, student protest leader Parit Penguin Chiwarak was granted bail on his 10th appeal after agreeing to submit to electronic monitoring, to not participate in demonstrations that criticize the king or that could provoke violence, and to not leave the country. They were released on bail in May and June though some, including Parit Penguin Chiwarak, were arrested again in August (see also section 2.b., Freedom of Peaceful Assembly, August arrests of protest leaders). An NGO reported that police arrested 18 protesters on a number of charges, including for violating the COVID-19 emergency decree and the law on communicable diseases. As of November, for example, the investigation continued into the 2020 incident where a police officer shot and killed Charoensak Rachpumad, a suspect in drug and weapons dealing, in Ron Phibun District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Displaced Children: Authorities generally referred street children to government shelters located in each province, but foreign undocumented migrants avoided the shelters due to fear of deportation. Moreover, the law restricts media reporting on domestic-violence cases in the judicial system. Moreover, martial law, imposed in 2006, remained in effect and significantly empowered security forces in the southernmost provinces. Stateless persons are legally permitted to work in any occupation, but licenses for certain professions (including doctors, engineers, and lawyers) are provided only to citizens. For the urban refugee and asylum-seeker population living in and around Bangkok, access to government-funded basic health services was minimal. Overview of child labour in Thailand - International Labour Organization On September 15, four of the arrested protest leaders were granted bail subject to a court order requiring them to wear an electronic monitoring bracelet. UNHCRs ability to provide protection to some groups of refugees outside the official camps was limited. Many of them were processed for the disciplinary actions, while some were forwarded to the NACC for further prosecution. Support for National Action to Combat Child Labour and Its Worst Forms Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Office of the U.S. Special Presidential Coordinator for the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. Some government-backed civilian defense volunteers received basic training and weapons from security forces. Individuals may also acquire citizenship by means of special government-designated criteria implemented by the Ministry of Interior with approval from the cabinet or in accordance with nationality law (see section 6, Children). Jacob Daylen Ross argued the trial judge violated his due process rights by identifying him . The government maintained dozens of separate schools and education centers for children with disabilities and operated occupational and career development centers for adults with disabilities. NO : C182, Worst Forms of Child Labour : Temporary Protection: Authorities generally did not deport persons of concern holding valid UNHCR asylum-seeker or refugee status. Employment: The law prohibits refugees from working in the country. Significant human rights issues included credible reports of: torture and cases of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment by government officials; arbitrary arrest and detention by government authorities; political prisoners; political interference in the judiciary; arbitrary and unlawful interference with privacy; serious restrictions on free expression and media, including arrests and prosecutions of those criticizing the government, censorship, and criminal libel laws; serious restrictions on internet freedom; interference with the freedom of peaceful assembly and freedom of association; restrictions on freedom of movement; refoulement of refugees facing threats to their life or freedom; restrictions on political participation; serious acts of government corruption; harassment of domestic human rights organizations; trafficking in persons; and significant restrictions on workers freedom of association.
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