Dustin Black, via a FB comment, also told me that the name came from the buffalo carp that lived in the river, and that it was named so because they were so plentiful you could walk across the river on the backs of the carp. Both Arkansas's U.S. senators, John Boozman and Tom Cotton, are Republicans. The Unique History Of 15 Small Arkansas Towns - Only In Your State Pope County was named for John Pope, another colorful frontier Arkansan. This name came to be used for the land where these NativeAmericans lived." Its industrial outputs are food processing, electric equipment, fabricated metal products, machinery, and paper products. Arkansas is the only state in America where diamonds are mined. One primary reason Arkansas has the nickname "The Natural State" is because it has several protected areas of wildlife. This includes the Buffalo Natural River and Hot Springs National Park. Several species of animals live in these and other regions, including species of bats, fish Although it was not officially designated a national park until 1921, the territory now known The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) in Little Rock operates the UAMS Medical Center, a teaching hospital ranked as high performing nationally in cancer and nephrology. Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 34th most populous state, with a population of just over 3 million at the 2020 census. [154] A total of 81 Arkansas high schools were ranked by the U.S. News & World Report in 2012. Notable people from the state include politician and educational advocate William Fulbright; former president Bill Clinton, who also served as the 40th and 42nd governor of Arkansas; general Wesley Clark, former NATO Supreme Allied Commander; Walmart founder and magnate Sam Walton;[13] singer-songwriters Johnny Cash, Charlie Rich, Jimmy Driftwood, and Glen Campbell; actor-filmmaker Billy Bob Thornton; poet C. D. Wright; physicist William L. McMillan, a pioneer in superconductor research; poet laureate Maya Angelou; Douglas MacArthur; musician Al Green; actor Alan Ladd; basketball player Scottie Pippen; singer Ne-Yo; Chelsea Clinton; actress Sheryl Underwood; and author John Grisham. [107] The state's agriculture outputs are poultry and eggs, soybeans, sorghum, cattle, cotton, rice, hogs, and milk. The Natural State, was officially adopted as the Arkansas official nickname by the Eightieth General Assembly of 1995. This nickname replaced the official Land of Opportunity nickname following the slogan Arkansas Is a Natural that was used to promote tourism and outdoor recreation. Arkansans Behind the Names: Part 2 - Only In Arkansas The National Park Service has preserved the Buffalo National River in its natural state and fly fishers visit it annually. In 1892, they amended the state constitution to require a poll tax and more complex residency requirements, both of which adversely affected poor people and sharecroppers, forcing most blacks and many poor whites from voter rolls. In 1722, French explorer Bernard de la Harpe landed near a small rock formation on the Arkansas River which he reportedly named "La Petite Roche" (The Little Rock). The Arkansas Supreme Court is the court of last resort in the state, composed of seven justices elected to eight-year terms. Hunting continues in the state. Citizens of the state of Kansas often pronounce the Arkansas River as /rknzs/, in a manner similar to the common pronunciation of the name of their state. It derives from a French term, Arcansas, their plural term for their transliteration of akansa, an Algonquian term for the Quapaw people. [96][97][98][99], According to the 20062008 American Community Survey, 93.8% of Arkansas's population (over the age of five) spoke only English at home. Together, these immigrants made the Delta more diverse than the rest of the state. How did Arkansas get its name? Only in the primary was there any competition among candidates, as Democrats held all the power. Arkansas has seven distinct natural regions: the Ozark Mountains, Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas River Valley, Gulf Coastal Plain, Crowley's Ridge, and the Arkansas Delta, with Central Arkansas sometimes included as a blend of multiple regions. "White Primary" System Bars Blacks from Politics1900, Elaine Massacre, Arkansas Encyclopedia of History and Culture, "Japanese American Relocation CampsEncyclopedia of Arkansas", "Little Rock NineEncyclopedia of Arkansas", "Crater of Diamonds: History of diamonds, diamond mining in Arkansas", "US Diamond MinesDiamond Mining in the United States", University of Montana College of Forestry and Conservation, "Proceedings of the Symposium on Arkansas Forests: A Conference on the Results of the Recent Forest Survey of Arkansas", "Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas", "Estimates of Population Change for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Rankings", "Biggest US Cities By PopulationArkansas2017 Populations", "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019", "The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress", Historical Population Change Data (19102020), "2019 Census Data for Races and Ethnicities", "Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot", "Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census", "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States", "Population of ArkansasCensus 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick FactsCensusViewer", Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America, "ArkansasSelected Social Characteristics in the United States", Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America, "Religion in America: U.S. [113] Forestry remains strong in the Arkansas Timberlands, and the state ranks fourth nationally and first in the South in softwood lumber production. 1-4-117. [19][20] Tonti established Arkansas Post at a Quapaw village in 1686, making it the first European settlement in the territory. Leola Municipal Building. State district courts exercise district-wide jurisdiction over the districts created by the General Assembly, and local district courts are presided over by part-time judges who may privately practice law. He died the following day in what is believed to be the vicinity of modern-day McArthur, Arkansas, in May 1542. Baseball runs deep in Arkansas and was popular before the state hosted Major League Baseball (MLB) spring training in Hot Springs from 1886 to the 1920s. [57] A 2010 United States Forest Service survey determined 18,720,000 acres (7,580,000ha) of Arkansas's land is forestland, or 56% of the state's total area. The State soon came under control of the Radical Republicans and Unionists, and led by Governor Powell Clayton, they presided over a time of great upheaval as Confederate sympathizers and the Ku Klux Klan fought the new developments, particularly voting rights for African Americans. [78] At the 2020 U.S. census, Arkansas had a resident population of 3,011,524. A dispute had arisen between the state's two senators over the pronunciation issue. The pronunciation with the accent on the second syllable with the sound of "a" in "man" and the sounding of the terminal "s" is discouraged by Arkansans. [145], The state supports a network of public universities and colleges, including two major university systems: Arkansas State University System and University of Arkansas System. The region was organized as the Territory of Arkansaw on July 4, 1819, with the territory admitted to the United States as the state of Arkansas on June 15, 1836. Other cities in Arkansas include Pine Bluff, Crossett, Bryant, Lake Village, Hot Springs, Bentonville, Texarkana, Sherwood, Jacksonville, Russellville, Bella Vista, West Memphis, Paragould, Cabot, Searcy, Van Buren, El Dorado, Blytheville, Harrison, Dumas, Rison, Warren, and Mountain Home. Federal Writers' Project 1987, pp. Arkansas House members can serve a maximum of three two-year terms. Arkansans of Irish, English and German ancestry are mostly found in the far northwestern Ozarks near the Missouri border. [citation needed], As of June 2021, the state's unemployment rate was 4.4%; the preliminary rate for November 2021 is 3.4%. Arkansas Backstories: Snowball Its voters passed a ban on same-sex marriage in 2004, with 75% voting yes,[134] although that ban has been inactive since the Supreme Court protected same-sex marriage in Obergefell v. Hodges. About 4.5% of the state's population spoke Spanish at home. There are four airports with commercial service: Clinton National Airport (formerly Little Rock National Airport or Adams Field), Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport, Fort Smith Regional Airport, and Texarkana Regional Airport, with dozens of smaller airports in the state. Once a state with a cashless society in the uplands and plantation agriculture in the lowlands, Arkansas's economy has evolved and diversified. [64] Arkansas wildlife is famous for the white-tailed deer, elk, and bald eagle. In an 1854 message to the legislature, Governor Elias N. Conway said, "We have a common-school law intended as a system to establish common schools in all part of the state; but for the want of adequate means there are very few in operation under this law." In January highs average around 51F (11C) and lows around 32F (0C). [164] By the beginning of the American Civil War, the state had only twenty-five publicly funded common schools.[165]. [113] Arkansas is the nation's largest producer of rice, broilers, and turkeys,[114] and ranks in the top three for cotton, pullets, and aquaculture (catfish). [174] The museum includes walking trails and educational opportunities in addition to displaying over 450 works covering five centuries of American art. [84] [85], Per the 2019 census estimates, Arkansas was 72.0% non-Hispanic white, 15.4% Black or African American, 0.5% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.5% Asian, 0.4% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 0.1% some other race, 2.4% two or more races, and 7.7% Hispanic or Latin American of any race. In a few years at the end of the 19th century, for instance, Eureka Springs in Carroll County grew to 10,000 people, rapidly becoming a tourist destination and the fourth-largest city of the state. [150] The rate of corporal punishment in public schools is higher only in Mississippi. Arkansas's record high is 120F (49C) at Ozark on August 10, 1936; the record low is 29F (34C) at Gravette, on February 13, 1905. Several smaller retirement communities such as Bull Shoals, Hot Springs Village, and Fairfield Bay have flourished due to their position on a fishing lake. History of Arkansas - Wikipedia [74] The state capitol was moved to Hot Springs and later Washington during the American Civil War when the Union armies threatened the city in 1862, and state government did not return to Little Rock until after the war ended. King named his guitar Lucille after a historic visit to the small town of Twist, Arkansas, o n an evening in the 1950s. The squadron was responsible for Launch Complex 3747, site of the 1980 explosion of a TitanII Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) in Damascus, Arkansas. [12] Much of the Delta had been developed for cotton plantations, and landowners there largely depended on enslaved African Americans' labor. [9][10] It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. A center of The United States Census Bureau estimated that the population of Arkansas was 3,017,804 on July 1, 2019, a 3.49% increase since the 2010 United States census. [108] According to CNBC, Arkansas is the 20th-best state for business, with the 2nd-lowest cost of doing business, 5th-lowest cost of living, 11th-best workforce, 20th-best economic climate, 28th-best-educated workforce, 31st-best infrastructure and the 32nd-friendliest regulatory environment. [clarification needed dubious], Like most other Southern states, Arkansas is part of the Bible Belt and predominantly Protestant. These 10 Arkansas Towns Have The Most Unusual Name Origins [138] The state is tied for 43rd with New York in percentage of adults who regularly exercise. [46] These mountain ranges are part of the U.S. [23] In April 1783, Arkansas saw its only battle of the American Revolutionary War, a brief siege of the post by British Captain James Colbert with the assistance of the Choctaw and Chickasaw. A 2010 survey of the principal ancestries of Arkansas's residents revealed the following:[95] 15.5% African American, 12.3% Irish, 11.5% German, 11.0% American, 10.1% English, 4.7% Mexican, 2.1% French, 1.7% Scottish, 1.7% Dutch, 1.6% Italian, and 1.4% Scots-Irish. Settlers, such as fur trappers, moved to Arkansas in the early 18th century. The Senate contains 35 members from districts of approximately equal population. But the percentage of whites over 20 years old who were illiterate was given as: In 2010 Arkansas students earned an average score of 20.3 on the ACT exam, just below the national average of 21. [45], Northwest Arkansas is part of the Ozark Plateau including the Ozark Mountains, to the south are the Ouachita Mountains, and these regions are divided by the Arkansas River; the southern and eastern parts of Arkansas are called the Lowlands. Arkansas is home to many areas protected by the National Park System. ), After Reconstruction, the state began to receive more immigrants and migrants. [citation needed] Arkansas gained 12 spots in the best state for business rankings since 2011. [110], Arkansas's earliest industries were fur trading and agriculture, with development of cotton plantations in the areas near the Mississippi River. United States. Owners and operators of the cotton plantation economy in southeast Arkansas firmly supported slavery, as they perceived slave labor as the best or "only" economically viable method of harvesting their commodity crops. The completion of the William Jefferson Clinton Presidential Library in Little Rock has drawn many visitors to the city and revitalized the nearby River Market District. His body was weighted down with sand and he was consigned to a watery grave in the Mississippi River under cover of darkness by his men. The Arkansas Travelers play at DickeyStephens Park in North Little Rock, and the Northwest Arkansas Naturals play in Arvest Ballpark in Springdale. Interior Highlands, to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta. During the 1960s, the state became the base of the Walmart corporation, the world's largest company by revenue, headquartered in Bentonville. [59][60], Arkansas's plant life varies with its climate and elevation. Established by the Arkansas Constitution in 1836, the court's decisions can be appealed to only the Supreme Court of the United States. It also brought new development into different parts of the state, including the Ozarks, where some areas were developed as resorts. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, FayettevilleSpringdaleRogers Metropolitan Area, Learn how and when to remove this template message, a controversy over allowing slavery in the territory, List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union, rich alluvial soils formed by repeated flooding, Little RockNorth Little RockConway metropolitan area, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, historically black or African American churches, William Jefferson Clinton Presidential Library, McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, List of colleges and universities in Arkansas, NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site, President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Elevations and Distances in the United States", "2020 Arkansas Code Title 1 - General Provisions Chapter 4 - State Symbols, Motto, Etc. Governor Orval Faubus had ordered the Arkansas National Guard to help segregationists prevent nine African-American students from enrolling at Little Rock's Central High School. Individuals elected to these offices are limited to a lifetime total of two four-year terms per office. ARKANSTORIES: Arkansas Counties The state has four seats in U.S. House of Representatives. It was settled only when President Ulysses S. Grant ordered Joseph Brooks to disperse his militant supporters.[36]. They were seeking better conditions of payment and accounting from white landowners of the area cotton plantations. [67], Arkansas is known for extreme weather and frequent storms. On September 30, 1919, two white men, including a local deputy, tried to break up a meeting of black sharecroppers who were trying to organize a farmers' union. Arkansas was one of just three states among the states of the former Confederacy that sent two Democrats to the U.S. Senate (the others being Florida and Virginia) for any period during the first decade of the 21st century. [40] The Jerome War Relocation Center in Drew County operated from October 1942 to June 1944 and held about 8,000. His men obeyed and did not stop with the men, but were said to have massacred women and children as well. The Republican-controlled reconstruction legislature established universal male suffrage (though temporarily disfranchising former Confederate Army officers, who were all Democrats), a public education system for blacks and whites, and passed general issues to improve the state and help more of the population. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. It should be pronounced in three (3) syllables, with the final "s" silent, the "a" in each syllable with the Italian sound, and the accent on the first and last syllables. Additional Native American removals began in earnest during the territorial period, with final Quapaw removal complete by 1833 as they were pushed into Indian Territory. This outmigration was a result of multiple factors, including farm mechanization, decreasing labor demand, and young educated people leaving the state due to a lack of non-farming industry in the state. Sports have become an integral part of the culture of Arkansas, and her residents enjoy participating in and spectating various events throughout the year. The State Archeologist has catalogued more than 43,000 Native American living, hunting and tool-making sites, many of them Pre-Columbian burial mounds and rock shelters. Google Maps Located in White County just north of Searcy, Letona became prominent as a stop on the Missouri and North Arkansas (M&NA) Railroad. [126] Arkansas voters elected a 2114 Republican majority in the Senate in 2012. [34] Arkansas did not secede until Abraham Lincoln demanded Arkansas troops be sent to Fort Sumter to quell the rebellion there. Arkansas held a very important position for the Rebels, maintaining control of the Mississippi River and surrounding Southern states. Some journalists suggested the speech was a threat to his ambitions; Clinton defined it "a comedy of error, just one of those fluky things". Literature set in Arkansas such as I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou and A Painted House by John Grisham describe the culture at various time periods. [178] Today a significant portion of Arkansas's population participates in hunting duck in the Mississippi flyway and deer across the state. Peel Flickr/Arkansas Highways Originally named Needmore, this town changed its name because of one man. [80] Arkansas again began to grow, recording positive growth rates ever since and exceeding two million by the 1980 census. At the time, only about a quarter of children were enrolled in school. Arkansas (/rkns/ (listen) AR-kn-saw[c]) is a landlocked state in the south-central region of the Southern United States. The governor accompanied the troops to the scene; President Woodrow Wilson had approved their use. [65], Arkansas generally has a humid subtropical climate. Phone number of Leola town hall. Two tributaries of the White River flow through the town, providing excellent canoeing, fishing, and swimming. In the late 1880s, the worsening agricultural depression catalyzed Populist and third party movements, leading to interracial coalitions. Be it therefore resolved by both houses of the General Assembly, that the only true pronunciation of the name of the state, in the opinion of this body, is that received by the French from the native Indians and committed to writing in the French word representing the sound. This page was last edited on 24 June 2023, at 01:20. There are 28 judicial circuits of Circuit Court, with each contains five subdivisions: criminal, civil, probate, domestic relations, and juvenile court. [109] As of 2014, it was the most affordable state to live in. Cotton remained the leading commodity crop, and the cotton market declined. The first of these Europeans was Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto in 1541, who crossed the Mississippi and marched across central Arkansas and the Ozark Mountains. About 0.7% of the state's population spoke another Indo-European language. [21] The early Spanish or French explorers of the state gave it its name, which is probably a phonetic spelling of the Illinois tribe's name for the Quapaw people, who lived downriver from them. Leola, AR email. [citation needed], Little Rock has been Arkansas's capital city since 1821 when it replaced Arkansas Post as the capital of the Territory of Arkansas. Join a park interpreter to Whites resisted any change and often tried to break up their meetings. House districts are redistricted by the Arkansas Board of Apportionment. - Answers Subjects > Humanities > History How did Arkansas get its name? @media(min-width:0px){#div-gpt-ad-statesymbolsusa_org-box-1-0-asloaded{max-width:300px!important;max-height:600px!important}}if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'statesymbolsusa_org-box-1','ezslot_4',102,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-statesymbolsusa_org-box-1-0');report this ad, Source | Reference Links | Additional Resources, Arkansas Statewide Tour - Arkansas Tourism. In contrast with many other states, the Catholic Church as of 2014 was not the largest Christian denomination in Arkansas. As with the federal government of the United States, political power in Arkansas is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. Washington County s community of Elkins (comprising the former Harris and Hood communities) borders Arkansas Highway 16, the entrance to the Pig Trail, a scenic drive in the Ozarks. Education Week has praised the state, ranking Arkansas in the top 10 of their Quality Counts Education Rankings every year since 2009 while scoring it in the top5 during 2012 and 2013. FAQ | Arkansas Razorbacks The first white settler was a fur trapper named William Lewis, who built a house [31] Arkansas struggled with taxation to support its new state government, a problem made worse by a state banking scandal and worse yet by the Panic of 1837. Arkansas River - Encyclopedia of Arkansas [132] He won the Democratic nomination for president in 1992. Ones in central Minnesota, about equidistant between Minneapolis and the Canadian border. Early French explorers gave the territory its name, a corruption of Akansea, which is a phonetic spelling from the Illinois language word for the Qu A typical year brings thunderstorms, tornadoes, hail, snow and ice storms. Seven of Arkansas's smaller colleges play in NCAA DivisionII, with six in the Great American Conference and one in the Lone Star Conference. Be it therefore resolved by both houses of the General Assembly, that the only true pronunciation of the name of the state, in the opinion of this body, is that received by the French from the native Indians and committed to writing in the French word representing the sound. [56] The state is further divided into seven subregions: the Arkansas Valley, Boston Mountains, Mississippi Alluvial Plain, Mississippi Valley Loess Plain, Ozark Highlands, Ouachita Mountains, and the South Central Plains. Arkansas was named for a related Siouan tribe, the Quapaw. [21] During the colonial period, Arkansas changed hands between France and Spain following the Seven Years' War, although neither showed interest in the remote settlement of Arkansas Post. As European Americans settled throughout the East Coast and into the Midwest, in the 1830s the United States government forced the removal of many Native American tribes to Arkansas and Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. In 1874, the Brooks-Baxter War, a political struggle between factions of the Republican Party shook Little Rock and the state governorship.
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